1. One study investigated the effects of regular ginseng (Panax quinquefolium) in horses on the antibody response following vaccination against equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1). This study showed that a low dose of ginseng significantly altered the time course of the antibody response[1].
2. Several studies have investigated the effects of black ginseng in rats. One study showed that black ginseng extract can improve endurance performance in rats by increasing citrate synthase activity in muscle and reducing serum lactic acid levels[2].
3. Another study in mice found that a ginsenoside-rich extract of black ginseng has anti-fatigue effects by improving antioxidant capacity and mitochondrial function[3].
4. At the cellular level, black ginseng has been shown to promote myoblast differentiation and myotube hypertrophy through activation of the Akt/mTOR/p70S6k signaling pathway[4].
Citations:
[1] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1899868/
[2] https://synapse.koreamed.org/articles/1053621
[3] https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/11/1467
[4] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5766703/
Red versus black ginseng (more for women vs more for men)
Red ginseng
Red ginseng is the more traditional and well-known form. It is created through a special preservation process in which white ginseng is treated with hot steam and then dried[1][3]. This process leads to a caramelization of the sugar contained and gives the ginseng its characteristic red color[1][3].
Benefits of red ginseng:
- Higher content of ginsenosides compared to white ginseng[4]
- Stronger antioxidant effect due to the Maillard reaction during processing[1]
- Known for its energizing and stimulating properties[1]
- Well researched with numerous clinical studies[5]
Black ginseng
Black ginseng is a more recent development and the result of intensive research. It is made by cooking and drying red ginseng several times[5].
Benefits of black ginseng:
- Contains additional active ingredients such as ginsenosides Rg3, Rg5 and Rk1[5]
- Stronger effect on brain metabolism and testosterone[5]
- Possibly more effective for improving intellectual performance and memory[5]
Comparison and conclusion
While red ginseng is considered a general tonic and is recommended for circulation, winter ailments and for women, black ginseng seems particularly suitable for people who want to improve their intellectual performance and memory, as well as for men[5].
The choice between red and black ginseng ultimately depends on individual needs and goals. Red ginseng is better researched and has a longer tradition, while black ginseng may show even stronger effects in certain areas. Both forms can be considered valuable, depending on the desired effect and personal preferences.
Citations:
[1] https://de.typology.com/magazin/was-ist-der-unterschied-zwischen-weiem-ginseng-und-rotem-ginseng
[2] https://www.loreal-paris.de/tipps-und-trends/inhaltsstoffe/roter-ginseng
[3] https://www.burgerstein.at/at/de/wissenswertes/diverse-naehrstoffe/ginseng-ein-ueberblick-ueber-die-wichtigsten-einsatzgebiete
[4] https://www.auranatura.de/a/magazin/ginseng/
[5] https://ginseng-premium.com/de/content/9-rot-oder-schwartz-welche-waehlen
[6] https://ginseng-premium.com/de/content/8-die-eigenschaften-von-black-ginseng